diff --git a/call/rtp_transport_controller_send.cc b/call/rtp_transport_controller_send.cc
index f1a6201ce7..569ba9d730 100644
--- a/call/rtp_transport_controller_send.cc
+++ b/call/rtp_transport_controller_send.cc
@@ -59,14 +59,12 @@ TargetRateConstraints ConvertConstraints(const BitrateConstraints& contraints,
                             contraints.start_bitrate_bps, clock);
 }
 
-bool IsEnabled(const WebRtcKeyValueConfig* trials, absl::string_view key) {
-  RTC_DCHECK(trials != nullptr);
-  return absl::StartsWith(trials->Lookup(key), "Enabled");
+bool IsEnabled(const WebRtcKeyValueConfig& trials, absl::string_view key) {
+  return absl::StartsWith(trials.Lookup(key), "Enabled");
 }
 
-bool IsDisabled(const WebRtcKeyValueConfig* trials, absl::string_view key) {
-  RTC_DCHECK(trials != nullptr);
-  return absl::StartsWith(trials->Lookup(key), "Disabled");
+bool IsDisabled(const WebRtcKeyValueConfig& trials, absl::string_view key) {
+  return absl::StartsWith(trials.Lookup(key), "Disabled");
 }
 
 bool IsRelayed(const rtc::NetworkRoute& route) {
@@ -76,12 +74,12 @@ bool IsRelayed(const rtc::NetworkRoute& route) {
 }  // namespace
 
 RtpTransportControllerSend::PacerSettings::PacerSettings(
-    const WebRtcKeyValueConfig* trials)
+    const WebRtcKeyValueConfig& trials)
     : tq_disabled("Disabled"),
       holdback_window("holdback_window", PacingController::kMinSleepTime),
       holdback_packets("holdback_packets", -1) {
   ParseFieldTrial({&tq_disabled, &holdback_window, &holdback_packets},
-                  trials->Lookup("WebRTC-TaskQueuePacer"));
+                  trials.Lookup("WebRTC-TaskQueuePacer"));
 }
 
 RtpTransportControllerSend::RtpTransportControllerSend(
@@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ RtpTransportControllerSend::RtpTransportControllerSend(
     const BitrateConstraints& bitrate_config,
     std::unique_ptr<ProcessThread> process_thread,
     TaskQueueFactory* task_queue_factory,
-    const WebRtcKeyValueConfig* trials)
+    const WebRtcKeyValueConfig& trials)
     : clock_(clock),
       event_log_(event_log),
       bitrate_configurator_(bitrate_config),
@@ -135,18 +133,18 @@ RtpTransportControllerSend::RtpTransportControllerSend(
       task_queue_(task_queue_factory->CreateTaskQueue(
           "rtp_send_controller",
           TaskQueueFactory::Priority::NORMAL)),
-      field_trials_(*trials) {
+      field_trials_(trials) {
   ParseFieldTrial({&relay_bandwidth_cap_},
-                  trials->Lookup("WebRTC-Bwe-NetworkRouteConstraints"));
+                  trials.Lookup("WebRTC-Bwe-NetworkRouteConstraints"));
   initial_config_.constraints = ConvertConstraints(bitrate_config, clock_);
   initial_config_.event_log = event_log;
-  initial_config_.key_value_config = trials;
+  initial_config_.key_value_config = &trials;
   RTC_DCHECK(bitrate_config.start_bitrate_bps > 0);
 
   pacer()->SetPacingRates(
       DataRate::BitsPerSec(bitrate_config.start_bitrate_bps), DataRate::Zero());
 
-  if (absl::StartsWith(trials->Lookup("WebRTC-LazyPacerStart"), "Disabled")) {
+  if (absl::StartsWith(trials.Lookup("WebRTC-LazyPacerStart"), "Disabled")) {
     EnsureStarted();
   }
 }
diff --git a/call/rtp_transport_controller_send.h b/call/rtp_transport_controller_send.h
index e45ab21cda..471ee7f5f4 100644
--- a/call/rtp_transport_controller_send.h
+++ b/call/rtp_transport_controller_send.h
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class RtpTransportControllerSend final
       const BitrateConstraints& bitrate_config,
       std::unique_ptr<ProcessThread> process_thread,
       TaskQueueFactory* task_queue_factory,
-      const WebRtcKeyValueConfig* trials);
+      const WebRtcKeyValueConfig& trials);
   ~RtpTransportControllerSend() override;
 
   RtpTransportControllerSend(const RtpTransportControllerSend&) = delete;
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class RtpTransportControllerSend final
 
  private:
   struct PacerSettings {
-    explicit PacerSettings(const WebRtcKeyValueConfig* trials);
+    explicit PacerSettings(const WebRtcKeyValueConfig& trials);
 
     bool use_task_queue_pacer() const { return !tq_disabled.Get(); }
 
diff --git a/call/rtp_transport_controller_send_factory.h b/call/rtp_transport_controller_send_factory.h
index a857ca7e6f..bda0be04af 100644
--- a/call/rtp_transport_controller_send_factory.h
+++ b/call/rtp_transport_controller_send_factory.h
@@ -25,10 +25,11 @@ class RtpTransportControllerSendFactory
       const RtpTransportConfig& config,
       Clock* clock,
       std::unique_ptr<ProcessThread> process_thread) override {
+    RTC_CHECK(config.trials);
     return std::make_unique<RtpTransportControllerSend>(
         clock, config.event_log, config.network_state_predictor_factory,
         config.network_controller_factory, config.bitrate_config,
-        std::move(process_thread), config.task_queue_factory, config.trials);
+        std::move(process_thread), config.task_queue_factory, *config.trials);
   }
 
   virtual ~RtpTransportControllerSendFactory() {}
diff --git a/call/rtp_video_sender_unittest.cc b/call/rtp_video_sender_unittest.cc
index 7c7d005fa6..7962ce29c9 100644
--- a/call/rtp_video_sender_unittest.cc
+++ b/call/rtp_video_sender_unittest.cc
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class RtpVideoSenderTestFixture {
             bitrate_config_,
             time_controller_.CreateProcessThread("PacerThread"),
             time_controller_.GetTaskQueueFactory(),
-            field_trials ? field_trials : &field_trials_),
+            field_trials ? *field_trials : field_trials_),
         stats_proxy_(time_controller_.GetClock(),
                      config_,
                      VideoEncoderConfig::ContentType::kRealtimeVideo,
diff --git a/modules/pacing/BUILD.gn b/modules/pacing/BUILD.gn
index 013c2de599..4064c12151 100644
--- a/modules/pacing/BUILD.gn
+++ b/modules/pacing/BUILD.gn
@@ -102,9 +102,8 @@ if (rtc_include_tests) {
       "../../rtc_base:rtc_base_tests_utils",
       "../../rtc_base/experiments:alr_experiment",
       "../../system_wrappers",
-      "../../system_wrappers:field_trial",
       "../../test:explicit_key_value_config",
-      "../../test:field_trial",
+      "../../test:scoped_key_value_config",
       "../../test:test_support",
       "../../test/time_controller:time_controller",
       "../rtp_rtcp",
diff --git a/modules/pacing/paced_sender.cc b/modules/pacing/paced_sender.cc
index 2b2d064ef4..5eed6c2607 100644
--- a/modules/pacing/paced_sender.cc
+++ b/modules/pacing/paced_sender.cc
@@ -32,12 +32,11 @@ const float PacedSender::kDefaultPaceMultiplier = 2.5f;
 PacedSender::PacedSender(Clock* clock,
                          PacketRouter* packet_router,
                          RtcEventLog* event_log,
-                         const WebRtcKeyValueConfig* field_trials,
+                         const WebRtcKeyValueConfig& field_trials,
                          ProcessThread* process_thread)
     : process_mode_(
-          (field_trials != nullptr &&
-           absl::StartsWith(field_trials->Lookup("WebRTC-Pacer-DynamicProcess"),
-                            "Enabled"))
+          absl::StartsWith(field_trials.Lookup("WebRTC-Pacer-DynamicProcess"),
+                           "Enabled")
               ? PacingController::ProcessMode::kDynamic
               : PacingController::ProcessMode::kPeriodic),
       pacing_controller_(clock,
diff --git a/modules/pacing/paced_sender.h b/modules/pacing/paced_sender.h
index 4a53e0f9ba..88fd79697d 100644
--- a/modules/pacing/paced_sender.h
+++ b/modules/pacing/paced_sender.h
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class PacedSender : public RtpPacketPacer, public RtpPacketSender {
   PacedSender(Clock* clock,
               PacketRouter* packet_router,
               RtcEventLog* event_log,
-              const WebRtcKeyValueConfig* field_trials = nullptr,
+              const WebRtcKeyValueConfig& field_trials,
               ProcessThread* process_thread = nullptr);
 
   ~PacedSender() override;
diff --git a/modules/pacing/paced_sender_unittest.cc b/modules/pacing/paced_sender_unittest.cc
index 7abd532417..27f373746f 100644
--- a/modules/pacing/paced_sender_unittest.cc
+++ b/modules/pacing/paced_sender_unittest.cc
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 #include "modules/pacing/packet_router.h"
 #include "modules/utility/include/mock/mock_process_thread.h"
 #include "system_wrappers/include/clock.h"
-#include "test/field_trial.h"
 #include "test/gmock.h"
 #include "test/gtest.h"
 
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ class PacedSenderTest
         .WillOnce(SaveArg<0>(&paced_module_));
 
     pacer_ = std::make_unique<PacedSender>(&clock_, &callback_, nullptr,
-                                           &trials_, &process_thread_);
+                                           trials_, &process_thread_);
     EXPECT_CALL(process_thread_, WakeUp).WillRepeatedly([&](Module* module) {
       clock_.AdvanceTimeMilliseconds(module->TimeUntilNextProcess());
     });
diff --git a/modules/pacing/pacing_controller.cc b/modules/pacing/pacing_controller.cc
index 9215462239..9bfe85c0a8 100644
--- a/modules/pacing/pacing_controller.cc
+++ b/modules/pacing/pacing_controller.cc
@@ -98,22 +98,20 @@ const TimeDelta PacingController::kMinSleepTime = TimeDelta::Millis(1);
 PacingController::PacingController(Clock* clock,
                                    PacketSender* packet_sender,
                                    RtcEventLog* event_log,
-                                   const WebRtcKeyValueConfig* field_trials,
+                                   const WebRtcKeyValueConfig& field_trials,
                                    ProcessMode mode)
     : mode_(mode),
       clock_(clock),
       packet_sender_(packet_sender),
-      fallback_field_trials_(
-          !field_trials ? std::make_unique<FieldTrialBasedConfig>() : nullptr),
-      field_trials_(field_trials ? field_trials : fallback_field_trials_.get()),
+      field_trials_(field_trials),
       drain_large_queues_(
-          !IsDisabled(*field_trials_, "WebRTC-Pacer-DrainQueue")),
+          !IsDisabled(field_trials_, "WebRTC-Pacer-DrainQueue")),
       send_padding_if_silent_(
-          IsEnabled(*field_trials_, "WebRTC-Pacer-PadInSilence")),
-      pace_audio_(IsEnabled(*field_trials_, "WebRTC-Pacer-BlockAudio")),
+          IsEnabled(field_trials_, "WebRTC-Pacer-PadInSilence")),
+      pace_audio_(IsEnabled(field_trials_, "WebRTC-Pacer-BlockAudio")),
       ignore_transport_overhead_(
-          IsEnabled(*field_trials_, "WebRTC-Pacer-IgnoreTransportOverhead")),
-      padding_target_duration_(GetDynamicPaddingTarget(*field_trials_)),
+          IsEnabled(field_trials_, "WebRTC-Pacer-IgnoreTransportOverhead")),
+      padding_target_duration_(GetDynamicPaddingTarget(field_trials_)),
       min_packet_limit_(kDefaultMinPacketLimit),
       transport_overhead_per_packet_(DataSize::Zero()),
       last_timestamp_(clock_->CurrentTime()),
@@ -124,12 +122,12 @@ PacingController::PacingController(Clock* clock,
       padding_debt_(DataSize::Zero()),
       media_rate_(DataRate::Zero()),
       padding_rate_(DataRate::Zero()),
-      prober_(*field_trials_),
+      prober_(field_trials_),
       probing_send_failure_(false),
       pacing_bitrate_(DataRate::Zero()),
       last_process_time_(clock->CurrentTime()),
       last_send_time_(last_process_time_),
-      packet_queue_(last_process_time_, field_trials_),
+      packet_queue_(last_process_time_),
       packet_counter_(0),
       congestion_window_size_(DataSize::PlusInfinity()),
       outstanding_data_(DataSize::Zero()),
@@ -142,7 +140,7 @@ PacingController::PacingController(Clock* clock,
   }
   FieldTrialParameter<int> min_packet_limit_ms("", min_packet_limit_.ms());
   ParseFieldTrial({&min_packet_limit_ms},
-                  field_trials_->Lookup("WebRTC-Pacer-MinPacketLimitMs"));
+                  field_trials_.Lookup("WebRTC-Pacer-MinPacketLimitMs"));
   min_packet_limit_ = TimeDelta::Millis(min_packet_limit_ms.Get());
   UpdateBudgetWithElapsedTime(min_packet_limit_);
 }
diff --git a/modules/pacing/pacing_controller.h b/modules/pacing/pacing_controller.h
index 5d6d26b917..f7c5601c91 100644
--- a/modules/pacing/pacing_controller.h
+++ b/modules/pacing/pacing_controller.h
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class PacingController {
   PacingController(Clock* clock,
                    PacketSender* packet_sender,
                    RtcEventLog* event_log,
-                   const WebRtcKeyValueConfig* field_trials,
+                   const WebRtcKeyValueConfig& field_trials,
                    ProcessMode mode);
 
   ~PacingController();
@@ -176,8 +176,7 @@ class PacingController {
   const ProcessMode mode_;
   Clock* const clock_;
   PacketSender* const packet_sender_;
-  const std::unique_ptr<FieldTrialBasedConfig> fallback_field_trials_;
-  const WebRtcKeyValueConfig* field_trials_;
+  const WebRtcKeyValueConfig& field_trials_;
 
   const bool drain_large_queues_;
   const bool send_padding_if_silent_;
diff --git a/modules/pacing/pacing_controller_unittest.cc b/modules/pacing/pacing_controller_unittest.cc
index a24960d896..af2ce548e0 100644
--- a/modules/pacing/pacing_controller_unittest.cc
+++ b/modules/pacing/pacing_controller_unittest.cc
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 #include "modules/pacing/packet_router.h"
 #include "system_wrappers/include/clock.h"
 #include "test/explicit_key_value_config.h"
-#include "test/field_trial.h"
 #include "test/gmock.h"
 #include "test/gtest.h"
 
@@ -209,13 +208,13 @@ class PacingControllerProbing : public PacingController::PacketSender {
 class PacingControllerTest
     : public ::testing::TestWithParam<PacingController::ProcessMode> {
  protected:
-  PacingControllerTest() : clock_(123456) {}
+  PacingControllerTest() : clock_(123456), trials_("") {}
 
   void SetUp() override {
     srand(0);
     // Need to initialize PacingController after we initialize clock.
     pacer_ = std::make_unique<PacingController>(&clock_, &callback_, nullptr,
-                                                nullptr, GetParam());
+                                                trials_, GetParam());
     Init();
   }
 
@@ -320,6 +319,7 @@ class PacingControllerTest
 
   SimulatedClock clock_;
   ::testing::NiceMock<MockPacingControllerCallback> callback_;
+  ExplicitKeyValueConfig trials_;
   std::unique_ptr<PacingController> pacer_;
 };
 
@@ -364,7 +364,8 @@ class PacingControllerFieldTrialTest
 };
 
 TEST_P(PacingControllerFieldTrialTest, DefaultNoPaddingInSilence) {
-  PacingController pacer(&clock_, &callback_, nullptr, nullptr, GetParam());
+  const test::ExplicitKeyValueConfig trials("");
+  PacingController pacer(&clock_, &callback_, nullptr, trials, GetParam());
   pacer.SetPacingRates(kTargetRate, DataRate::Zero());
   // Video packet to reset last send time and provide padding data.
   InsertPacket(&pacer, &video);
@@ -378,8 +379,9 @@ TEST_P(PacingControllerFieldTrialTest, DefaultNoPaddingInSilence) {
 }
 
 TEST_P(PacingControllerFieldTrialTest, PaddingInSilenceWithTrial) {
-  ScopedFieldTrials trial("WebRTC-Pacer-PadInSilence/Enabled/");
-  PacingController pacer(&clock_, &callback_, nullptr, nullptr, GetParam());
+  const test::ExplicitKeyValueConfig trials(
+      "WebRTC-Pacer-PadInSilence/Enabled/");
+  PacingController pacer(&clock_, &callback_, nullptr, trials, GetParam());
   pacer.SetPacingRates(kTargetRate, DataRate::Zero());
   // Video packet to reset last send time and provide padding data.
   InsertPacket(&pacer, &video);
@@ -393,9 +395,9 @@ TEST_P(PacingControllerFieldTrialTest, PaddingInSilenceWithTrial) {
 }
 
 TEST_P(PacingControllerFieldTrialTest, CongestionWindowAffectsAudioInTrial) {
-  ScopedFieldTrials trial("WebRTC-Pacer-BlockAudio/Enabled/");
+  const test::ExplicitKeyValueConfig trials("WebRTC-Pacer-BlockAudio/Enabled/");
   EXPECT_CALL(callback_, SendPadding).Times(0);
-  PacingController pacer(&clock_, &callback_, nullptr, nullptr, GetParam());
+  PacingController pacer(&clock_, &callback_, nullptr, trials, GetParam());
   pacer.SetPacingRates(DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(10000), DataRate::Zero());
   pacer.SetCongestionWindow(DataSize::Bytes(video.packet_size - 100));
   pacer.UpdateOutstandingData(DataSize::Zero());
@@ -422,7 +424,8 @@ TEST_P(PacingControllerFieldTrialTest, CongestionWindowAffectsAudioInTrial) {
 TEST_P(PacingControllerFieldTrialTest,
        DefaultCongestionWindowDoesNotAffectAudio) {
   EXPECT_CALL(callback_, SendPadding).Times(0);
-  PacingController pacer(&clock_, &callback_, nullptr, nullptr, GetParam());
+  const test::ExplicitKeyValueConfig trials("");
+  PacingController pacer(&clock_, &callback_, nullptr, trials, GetParam());
   pacer.SetPacingRates(DataRate::BitsPerSec(10000000), DataRate::Zero());
   pacer.SetCongestionWindow(DataSize::Bytes(800));
   pacer.UpdateOutstandingData(DataSize::Zero());
@@ -437,8 +440,8 @@ TEST_P(PacingControllerFieldTrialTest,
 }
 
 TEST_P(PacingControllerFieldTrialTest, BudgetAffectsAudioInTrial) {
-  ScopedFieldTrials trial("WebRTC-Pacer-BlockAudio/Enabled/");
-  PacingController pacer(&clock_, &callback_, nullptr, nullptr, GetParam());
+  ExplicitKeyValueConfig trials("WebRTC-Pacer-BlockAudio/Enabled/");
+  PacingController pacer(&clock_, &callback_, nullptr, trials, GetParam());
   DataRate pacing_rate = DataRate::BitsPerSec(video.packet_size / 3 * 8 *
                                               kProcessIntervalsPerSecond);
   pacer.SetPacingRates(pacing_rate, DataRate::Zero());
@@ -468,7 +471,8 @@ TEST_P(PacingControllerFieldTrialTest, BudgetAffectsAudioInTrial) {
 
 TEST_P(PacingControllerFieldTrialTest, DefaultBudgetDoesNotAffectAudio) {
   EXPECT_CALL(callback_, SendPadding).Times(0);
-  PacingController pacer(&clock_, &callback_, nullptr, nullptr, GetParam());
+  const test::ExplicitKeyValueConfig trials("");
+  PacingController pacer(&clock_, &callback_, nullptr, trials, GetParam());
   pacer.SetPacingRates(DataRate::BitsPerSec(video.packet_size / 3 * 8 *
                                             kProcessIntervalsPerSecond),
                        DataRate::Zero());
@@ -867,7 +871,7 @@ TEST_P(PacingControllerTest, VerifyAverageBitrateVaryingMediaPayload) {
   const TimeDelta kAveragingWindowLength = TimeDelta::Seconds(10);
   PacingControllerPadding callback;
   pacer_ = std::make_unique<PacingController>(&clock_, &callback, nullptr,
-                                              nullptr, GetParam());
+                                              trials_, GetParam());
   pacer_->SetProbingEnabled(false);
   pacer_->SetPacingRates(kTargetRate * kPaceMultiplier, kTargetRate);
 
@@ -1304,7 +1308,7 @@ TEST_P(PacingControllerTest, Pause) {
 TEST_P(PacingControllerTest, InactiveFromStart) {
   // Recreate the pacer without the inital time forwarding.
   pacer_ = std::make_unique<PacingController>(&clock_, &callback_, nullptr,
-                                              nullptr, GetParam());
+                                              trials_, GetParam());
   pacer_->SetProbingEnabled(false);
   pacer_->SetPacingRates(kTargetRate * kPaceMultiplier, kTargetRate);
 
@@ -1403,7 +1407,7 @@ TEST_P(PacingControllerTest, ProbingWithInsertedPackets) {
 
   PacingControllerProbing packet_sender;
   pacer_ = std::make_unique<PacingController>(&clock_, &packet_sender, nullptr,
-                                              nullptr, GetParam());
+                                              trials_, GetParam());
   pacer_->CreateProbeCluster(kFirstClusterRate,
                              /*cluster_id=*/0);
   pacer_->CreateProbeCluster(kSecondClusterRate,
@@ -1463,7 +1467,7 @@ TEST_P(PacingControllerTest, SkipsProbesWhenProcessIntervalTooLarge) {
                              : "WebRTC-Bwe-ProbingBehavior/"
                                "abort_delayed_probes:0,max_probe_delay:2ms/");
     pacer_ = std::make_unique<PacingController>(&clock_, &packet_sender,
-                                                nullptr, &trials, GetParam());
+                                                nullptr, trials, GetParam());
     pacer_->SetPacingRates(
         DataRate::BitsPerSec(kInitialBitrateBps * kPaceMultiplier),
         DataRate::BitsPerSec(kInitialBitrateBps));
@@ -1570,7 +1574,7 @@ TEST_P(PacingControllerTest, ProbingWithPaddingSupport) {
 
   PacingControllerProbing packet_sender;
   pacer_ = std::make_unique<PacingController>(&clock_, &packet_sender, nullptr,
-                                              nullptr, GetParam());
+                                              trials_, GetParam());
   pacer_->CreateProbeCluster(kFirstClusterRate,
                              /*cluster_id=*/0);
   pacer_->SetPacingRates(
@@ -1636,7 +1640,7 @@ TEST_P(PacingControllerTest, ProbeClusterId) {
   MockPacketSender callback;
 
   pacer_ = std::make_unique<PacingController>(&clock_, &callback, nullptr,
-                                              nullptr, GetParam());
+                                              trials_, GetParam());
   Init();
 
   uint32_t ssrc = 12346;
@@ -1693,7 +1697,7 @@ TEST_P(PacingControllerTest, ProbeClusterId) {
 TEST_P(PacingControllerTest, OwnedPacketPrioritizedOnType) {
   MockPacketSender callback;
   pacer_ = std::make_unique<PacingController>(&clock_, &callback, nullptr,
-                                              nullptr, GetParam());
+                                              trials_, GetParam());
   Init();
 
   // Insert a packet of each type, from low to high priority. Since priority
@@ -1740,7 +1744,7 @@ TEST_P(PacingControllerTest, OwnedPacketPrioritizedOnType) {
 TEST_P(PacingControllerTest, SmallFirstProbePacket) {
   MockPacketSender callback;
   pacer_ = std::make_unique<PacingController>(&clock_, &callback, nullptr,
-                                              nullptr, GetParam());
+                                              trials_, GetParam());
   pacer_->CreateProbeCluster(kFirstClusterRate, /*cluster_id=*/0);
   pacer_->SetPacingRates(kTargetRate * kPaceMultiplier, DataRate::Zero());
 
@@ -1899,7 +1903,7 @@ TEST_P(PacingControllerTest,
     MockPacketSender callback;
     EXPECT_CALL(callback, SendPacket).Times(::testing::AnyNumber());
     pacer_ = std::make_unique<PacingController>(&clock_, &callback, nullptr,
-                                                nullptr, GetParam());
+                                                trials_, GetParam());
     pacer_->SetAccountForAudioPackets(account_for_audio);
 
     // First, saturate the padding budget.
@@ -2073,9 +2077,13 @@ TEST_P(PacingControllerTest, PaddingTargetAccountsForPaddingRate) {
 
   // Re-init pacer with an explicitly set padding target of 10ms;
   const TimeDelta kPaddingTarget = TimeDelta::Millis(10);
-  ScopedFieldTrials field_trials(
+  ExplicitKeyValueConfig field_trials(
       "WebRTC-Pacer-DynamicPaddingTarget/timedelta:10ms/");
-  SetUp();
+  srand(0);
+  // Need to initialize PacingController after we initialize clock.
+  pacer_ = std::make_unique<PacingController>(&clock_, &callback_, nullptr,
+                                              field_trials, GetParam());
+  Init();
 
   const uint32_t kSsrc = 12345;
   const DataRate kPacingDataRate = DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(125);
diff --git a/modules/pacing/round_robin_packet_queue.cc b/modules/pacing/round_robin_packet_queue.cc
index ef37e5256b..9014c30cb6 100644
--- a/modules/pacing/round_robin_packet_queue.cc
+++ b/modules/pacing/round_robin_packet_queue.cc
@@ -107,16 +107,7 @@ RoundRobinPacketQueue::Stream::Stream() : size(DataSize::Zero()), ssrc(0) {}
 RoundRobinPacketQueue::Stream::Stream(const Stream& stream) = default;
 RoundRobinPacketQueue::Stream::~Stream() = default;
 
-bool IsEnabled(const WebRtcKeyValueConfig* field_trials, const char* name) {
-  if (!field_trials) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  return absl::StartsWith(field_trials->Lookup(name), "Enabled");
-}
-
-RoundRobinPacketQueue::RoundRobinPacketQueue(
-    Timestamp start_time,
-    const WebRtcKeyValueConfig* field_trials)
+RoundRobinPacketQueue::RoundRobinPacketQueue(Timestamp start_time)
     : transport_overhead_per_packet_(DataSize::Zero()),
       time_last_updated_(start_time),
       paused_(false),
diff --git a/modules/pacing/round_robin_packet_queue.h b/modules/pacing/round_robin_packet_queue.h
index dd35b90d93..f8255834b3 100644
--- a/modules/pacing/round_robin_packet_queue.h
+++ b/modules/pacing/round_robin_packet_queue.h
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include <unordered_map>
 
 #include "absl/types/optional.h"
-#include "api/transport/webrtc_key_value_config.h"
 #include "api/units/data_size.h"
 #include "api/units/time_delta.h"
 #include "api/units/timestamp.h"
@@ -34,8 +33,7 @@ namespace webrtc {
 
 class RoundRobinPacketQueue {
  public:
-  RoundRobinPacketQueue(Timestamp start_time,
-                        const WebRtcKeyValueConfig* field_trials);
+  explicit RoundRobinPacketQueue(Timestamp start_time);
   ~RoundRobinPacketQueue();
 
   void Push(int priority,
diff --git a/modules/pacing/task_queue_paced_sender.cc b/modules/pacing/task_queue_paced_sender.cc
index c392a88720..620a54135e 100644
--- a/modules/pacing/task_queue_paced_sender.cc
+++ b/modules/pacing/task_queue_paced_sender.cc
@@ -29,6 +29,22 @@ TaskQueuePacedSender::TaskQueuePacedSender(
     TaskQueueFactory* task_queue_factory,
     TimeDelta max_hold_back_window,
     int max_hold_back_window_in_packets)
+    : TaskQueuePacedSender(clock,
+                           packet_sender,
+                           event_log,
+                           *field_trials,
+                           task_queue_factory,
+                           max_hold_back_window,
+                           max_hold_back_window_in_packets) {}
+
+TaskQueuePacedSender::TaskQueuePacedSender(
+    Clock* clock,
+    PacingController::PacketSender* packet_sender,
+    RtcEventLog* event_log,
+    const WebRtcKeyValueConfig& field_trials,
+    TaskQueueFactory* task_queue_factory,
+    TimeDelta max_hold_back_window,
+    int max_hold_back_window_in_packets)
     : clock_(clock),
       max_hold_back_window_(max_hold_back_window),
       max_hold_back_window_in_packets_(max_hold_back_window_in_packets),
diff --git a/modules/pacing/task_queue_paced_sender.h b/modules/pacing/task_queue_paced_sender.h
index 353f137963..61a625521d 100644
--- a/modules/pacing/task_queue_paced_sender.h
+++ b/modules/pacing/task_queue_paced_sender.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <queue>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include "absl/base/attributes.h"
 #include "absl/types/optional.h"
 #include "api/sequence_checker.h"
 #include "api/task_queue/task_queue_factory.h"
@@ -39,6 +40,16 @@ class RtcEventLog;
 
 class TaskQueuePacedSender : public RtpPacketPacer, public RtpPacketSender {
  public:
+  ABSL_DEPRECATED("Use the version with field_trials reference instead.")
+  TaskQueuePacedSender(
+      Clock* clock,
+      PacingController::PacketSender* packet_sender,
+      RtcEventLog* event_log,
+      const WebRtcKeyValueConfig* field_trials,
+      TaskQueueFactory* task_queue_factory,
+      TimeDelta max_hold_back_window = PacingController::kMinSleepTime,
+      int max_hold_back_window_in_packets = -1);
+
   // The `hold_back_window` parameter sets a lower bound on time to sleep if
   // there is currently a pacer queue and packets can't immediately be
   // processed. Increasing this reduces thread wakeups at the expense of higher
@@ -48,7 +59,7 @@ class TaskQueuePacedSender : public RtpPacketPacer, public RtpPacketSender {
       Clock* clock,
       PacingController::PacketSender* packet_sender,
       RtcEventLog* event_log,
-      const WebRtcKeyValueConfig* field_trials,
+      const WebRtcKeyValueConfig& field_trials,
       TaskQueueFactory* task_queue_factory,
       TimeDelta max_hold_back_window = PacingController::kMinSleepTime,
       int max_hold_back_window_in_packets = -1);
diff --git a/modules/pacing/task_queue_paced_sender_unittest.cc b/modules/pacing/task_queue_paced_sender_unittest.cc
index d78365d499..a22ff6d164 100644
--- a/modules/pacing/task_queue_paced_sender_unittest.cc
+++ b/modules/pacing/task_queue_paced_sender_unittest.cc
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@
 #include "api/transport/network_types.h"
 #include "modules/pacing/packet_router.h"
 #include "modules/utility/include/mock/mock_process_thread.h"
-#include "test/field_trial.h"
 #include "test/gmock.h"
 #include "test/gtest.h"
+#include "test/scoped_key_value_config.h"
 #include "test/time_controller/simulated_time_controller.h"
 
 using ::testing::_;
@@ -116,10 +116,10 @@ std::vector<std::unique_ptr<RtpPacketToSend>> GeneratePackets(
 TEST(TaskQueuePacedSenderTest, PacesPackets) {
   GlobalSimulatedTimeController time_controller(Timestamp::Millis(1234));
   MockPacketRouter packet_router;
+  ScopedKeyValueConfig trials;
   TaskQueuePacedSender pacer(
       time_controller.GetClock(), &packet_router,
-      /*event_log=*/nullptr,
-      /*field_trials=*/nullptr, time_controller.GetTaskQueueFactory(),
+      /*event_log=*/nullptr, trials, time_controller.GetTaskQueueFactory(),
       PacingController::kMinSleepTime, kNoPacketHoldback);
 
   // Insert a number of packets, covering one second.
@@ -156,10 +156,10 @@ TEST(TaskQueuePacedSenderTest, PacesPackets) {
 TEST(TaskQueuePacedSenderTest, ReschedulesProcessOnRateChange) {
   GlobalSimulatedTimeController time_controller(Timestamp::Millis(1234));
   MockPacketRouter packet_router;
+  ScopedKeyValueConfig trials;
   TaskQueuePacedSender pacer(
       time_controller.GetClock(), &packet_router,
-      /*event_log=*/nullptr,
-      /*field_trials=*/nullptr, time_controller.GetTaskQueueFactory(),
+      /*event_log=*/nullptr, trials, time_controller.GetTaskQueueFactory(),
       PacingController::kMinSleepTime, kNoPacketHoldback);
 
   // Insert a number of packets to be sent 200ms apart.
@@ -208,10 +208,10 @@ TEST(TaskQueuePacedSenderTest, ReschedulesProcessOnRateChange) {
 TEST(TaskQueuePacedSenderTest, SendsAudioImmediately) {
   GlobalSimulatedTimeController time_controller(Timestamp::Millis(1234));
   MockPacketRouter packet_router;
+  ScopedKeyValueConfig trials;
   TaskQueuePacedSender pacer(
       time_controller.GetClock(), &packet_router,
-      /*event_log=*/nullptr,
-      /*field_trials=*/nullptr, time_controller.GetTaskQueueFactory(),
+      /*event_log=*/nullptr, trials, time_controller.GetTaskQueueFactory(),
       PacingController::kMinSleepTime, kNoPacketHoldback);
 
   const DataRate kPacingDataRate = DataRate::KilobitsPerSec(125);
@@ -241,9 +241,9 @@ TEST(TaskQueuePacedSenderTest, SleepsDuringCoalscingWindow) {
   const TimeDelta kCoalescingWindow = TimeDelta::Millis(5);
   GlobalSimulatedTimeController time_controller(Timestamp::Millis(1234));
   MockPacketRouter packet_router;
+  ScopedKeyValueConfig trials;
   TaskQueuePacedSender pacer(time_controller.GetClock(), &packet_router,
-                             /*event_log=*/nullptr,
-                             /*field_trials=*/nullptr,
+                             /*event_log=*/nullptr, trials,
                              time_controller.GetTaskQueueFactory(),
                              kCoalescingWindow, kNoPacketHoldback);
 
@@ -278,9 +278,9 @@ TEST(TaskQueuePacedSenderTest, ProbingOverridesCoalescingWindow) {
   const TimeDelta kCoalescingWindow = TimeDelta::Millis(5);
   GlobalSimulatedTimeController time_controller(Timestamp::Millis(1234));
   MockPacketRouter packet_router;
+  ScopedKeyValueConfig trials;
   TaskQueuePacedSender pacer(time_controller.GetClock(), &packet_router,
-                             /*event_log=*/nullptr,
-                             /*field_trials=*/nullptr,
+                             /*event_log=*/nullptr, trials,
                              time_controller.GetTaskQueueFactory(),
                              kCoalescingWindow, kNoPacketHoldback);
 
@@ -307,13 +307,13 @@ TEST(TaskQueuePacedSenderTest, ProbingOverridesCoalescingWindow) {
 }
 
 TEST(TaskQueuePacedSenderTest, SchedulesProbeAtSetTime) {
-  ScopedFieldTrials trials("WebRTC-Bwe-ProbingBehavior/min_probe_delta:1ms/");
+  ScopedKeyValueConfig trials(
+      "WebRTC-Bwe-ProbingBehavior/min_probe_delta:1ms/");
   GlobalSimulatedTimeController time_controller(Timestamp::Millis(1234));
   MockPacketRouter packet_router;
   TaskQueuePacedSender pacer(
       time_controller.GetClock(), &packet_router,
-      /*event_log=*/nullptr,
-      /*field_trials=*/nullptr, time_controller.GetTaskQueueFactory(),
+      /*event_log=*/nullptr, trials, time_controller.GetTaskQueueFactory(),
       PacingController::kMinSleepTime, kNoPacketHoldback);
 
   // Set rates so one packet adds 4ms of buffer level.
@@ -374,13 +374,13 @@ TEST(TaskQueuePacedSenderTest, SchedulesProbeAtSetTime) {
 TEST(TaskQueuePacedSenderTest, NoMinSleepTimeWhenProbing) {
   // Set min_probe_delta to be less than kMinSleepTime (1ms).
   const TimeDelta kMinProbeDelta = TimeDelta::Micros(100);
-  ScopedFieldTrials trials("WebRTC-Bwe-ProbingBehavior/min_probe_delta:100us/");
+  ScopedKeyValueConfig trials(
+      "WebRTC-Bwe-ProbingBehavior/min_probe_delta:100us/");
   GlobalSimulatedTimeController time_controller(Timestamp::Millis(1234));
   MockPacketRouter packet_router;
   TaskQueuePacedSender pacer(
       time_controller.GetClock(), &packet_router,
-      /*event_log=*/nullptr,
-      /*field_trials=*/nullptr, time_controller.GetTaskQueueFactory(),
+      /*event_log=*/nullptr, trials, time_controller.GetTaskQueueFactory(),
       PacingController::kMinSleepTime, kNoPacketHoldback);
 
   // Set rates so one packet adds 4ms of buffer level.
@@ -433,9 +433,9 @@ TEST(TaskQueuePacedSenderTest, PacketBasedCoalescing) {
 
   GlobalSimulatedTimeController time_controller(Timestamp::Millis(1234));
   MockPacketRouter packet_router;
+  ScopedKeyValueConfig trials;
   TaskQueuePacedSender pacer(time_controller.GetClock(), &packet_router,
-                             /*event_log=*/nullptr,
-                             /*field_trials=*/nullptr,
+                             /*event_log=*/nullptr, trials,
                              time_controller.GetTaskQueueFactory(),
                              kFixedCoalescingWindow, kPacketBasedHoldback);
 
@@ -484,9 +484,9 @@ TEST(TaskQueuePacedSenderTest, FixedHoldBackHasPriorityOverPackets) {
 
   GlobalSimulatedTimeController time_controller(Timestamp::Millis(1234));
   MockPacketRouter packet_router;
+  ScopedKeyValueConfig trials;
   TaskQueuePacedSender pacer(time_controller.GetClock(), &packet_router,
-                             /*event_log=*/nullptr,
-                             /*field_trials=*/nullptr,
+                             /*event_log=*/nullptr, trials,
                              time_controller.GetTaskQueueFactory(),
                              kFixedCoalescingWindow, kPacketBasedHoldback);
 
@@ -530,10 +530,10 @@ TEST(TaskQueuePacedSenderTest, Stats) {
   static constexpr Timestamp kStartTime = Timestamp::Millis(1234);
   GlobalSimulatedTimeController time_controller(kStartTime);
   MockPacketRouter packet_router;
+  ScopedKeyValueConfig trials;
   TaskQueuePacedSender pacer(
       time_controller.GetClock(), &packet_router,
-      /*event_log=*/nullptr,
-      /*field_trials=*/nullptr, time_controller.GetTaskQueueFactory(),
+      /*event_log=*/nullptr, trials, time_controller.GetTaskQueueFactory(),
       PacingController::kMinSleepTime, kNoPacketHoldback);
 
   // Simulate ~2mbps video stream, covering one second.
diff --git a/rtc_tools/rtc_event_log_visualizer/analyzer.cc b/rtc_tools/rtc_event_log_visualizer/analyzer.cc
index 4c718185df..0185c7d89d 100644
--- a/rtc_tools/rtc_event_log_visualizer/analyzer.cc
+++ b/rtc_tools/rtc_event_log_visualizer/analyzer.cc
@@ -38,8 +38,6 @@
 #include "modules/congestion_controller/goog_cc/delay_based_bwe.h"
 #include "modules/congestion_controller/include/receive_side_congestion_controller.h"
 #include "modules/congestion_controller/rtp/transport_feedback_adapter.h"
-#include "modules/pacing/paced_sender.h"
-#include "modules/pacing/packet_router.h"
 #include "modules/rtp_rtcp/include/rtp_rtcp_defines.h"
 #include "modules/rtp_rtcp/source/rtcp_packet.h"
 #include "modules/rtp_rtcp/source/rtcp_packet/common_header.h"
@@ -1199,8 +1197,6 @@ void EventLogAnalyzer::CreateSendSideBweSimulationGraph(Plot* plot) {
   SimulatedClock clock(0);
   BitrateObserver observer;
   RtcEventLogNull null_event_log;
-  PacketRouter packet_router;
-  PacedSender pacer(&clock, &packet_router, &null_event_log);
   TransportFeedbackAdapter transport_feedback;
   auto factory = GoogCcNetworkControllerFactory();
   TimeDelta process_interval = factory.GetProcessInterval();